![]() Do you think there is evidence that Jean has used Shulman's elements of empathy? How would you have conveyed empathy towards Nazra? List specific words and phrases Jean has used which you think conveys empathy for Nazra. Look back at the scenario between Jean & Nazra. Putting the other's feelings into words.Displaying understanding of the other's feelings.Shulman (1984) suggests that there are three elements in empathy: Jean has to be able to enter Nazra's world (through imagination) to feel what it is like in all Nazra's 'selves', to understand what Nazra's might be feeling and thinking, and to convey this understanding back to her. Nazra has had a difficult experience, she's worried she's not up to the work or that Jean will think this, and so it is important that Nazra's feelings are heard by Jean (even when they are not expressed directly by her). For Nazra to feel safe in supervision with Jean, she needs to feel Jean understands her. The four listening skills are not enough on their own for good communication - another key element here is empathy. The more differences there are, the more likelihood there is of making mistakes in interpretation. Perhaps Jean could have said 'you are silent, still and frowning, does this mean you are thinking?' This would have given Nazra more opportunity to respond openly - she might have said 'no, it's more that I am confused about what you asked me'. We cannot 'know' someone else's internal world, but like detectives we search for clues and attach meaning to these clues. Then by stating this aloud, she gave Nazra a chance to confirm or deny this. ![]() Jean states at one point 'I can see you are thinking hard' - she is observing & interpreting Nazra's silence, stillness and frown to mean 'thinking'. The term 'active' implies attending closely, observing consciously and interpreting our observations using knowledge. Listening to the wider context - this refers to having a broader understanding of the situation - for example, Jean was aware that Nazra may have had a different socialisation from herself so she could not assume the same learned behaviour in terms of communication - she had to explore this.For example, if Nazra had said 'I feel terrible' but smiled at the same time Listening to the 'sour notes', that is the contradictions that can occur between the message in the words and the message in the non-verbal.He argues that there are four listening skills in communication: Instead, it is something (like speaking) that we need to pay attention to and work at. Gerard Egan (1986) coined the term 'active listening' to refer to the fact that listening is not just a passive thing - something which just happens. Speaking & listening are deeply interrelated - like steps in a dance - and the non-verbal aspects of communication accompany both sets of steps in the dance. Themes: listening, special communication needs Listening
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